עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

כאשר לצד החוזה למראית עין קיים חוזה נסתר שאינו בלתי חוקי – ניתן לאוכפו

18 אוקטובר 2023

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפט 399 01.11.2023

בעלת נכס מכרה לחברתה נכס בהסכם מכר אשר כלל גם הסכם שכירות בין המוכרת לרוכשת לשארית ימיה של המוכרת. בפועל, הרוכשת לא שילמה כל תמורה למוכרת בעבור הנכס ואילו המוכרת לא שילמה דמי שכירות לרוכשת על אף שהמשיכה להתגורר בנכס במשך מספר שנים עד לפטירתה.

בית המשפט דחה את בקשת יורשת המוכרת להשיב את הנכס לידייה וזאת לאור קיומו של חוזה נסתר במקביל לחוזה הגלוי. חוזה למראית עין הוא חוזה בו קיימת אי-התאמה מכוונת בין הרצון הגלוי של הצדדים, כפי שהוא משתקף מהחוזה שנכרת, ובין הרצון המשותף האמיתי שלהם וחוזה זה בטל על פי דין. עם זאת, לעיתים, לצד החוזה למראית עין קיים חוזה נוסף ונסתר אשר מבטא את ההסכמה האמיתית בין הצדדים. לעומת החוזה הגלוי, אשר, כאמור - בטל, ניתן לאכוף את ההסכמה החוזית האמיתית והנסתרת בין הצדדים, ובתנאי שאותו חוזה נסתר עומד בדרישות הדין ומטרת ההתקשרות אינה בלתי חוקית. כאן, מדובר במי שהוטעתה לחשוב שאינה יכולה להעניק לחברתה את הנכס במתנה ולכן כרתה חוזי מכר ושכירות למראית עין. בפועל הצדדים התקשרו בהסכם מתנה נסתר להעברת הנכס לחברה בכפוף לזכות שימוש ללא תמורה. הסכם נסתר זה אינו בלתי חוקי ויש לקיימו.

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