עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

בהיעדר ערבות אישית לא ניתן לדרוש מגורם מתווך כי יפרע חובו של צד שלישי

09 מאי 2024

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפטי 415 12.06.2024

אדם מסר לחברו כ-50,000 דולר כדי שיעבירם לכאורה כהלוואה לצד שלישי. לאחר שההלוואה לא נפרעה דרש מחברו שישיב את הכספים מאחר שהוא נתן לו "מילה" שהוא "אחראי" שכספי ההלוואה יוחזרו.

בית המשפט דחה את התביעה וקבע כי למרות שהכספים נמסרו לצד השלישי באמצעות החבר, הוא לא שימש כערב. לפי החוק, ערבות נוצרת בהסכם בין הערב לבין הנושה או בהתחייבותו של הערב שהודעה עליה ניתנה לנושה. אין מניעה כי הסכם ערבות ייערך בעל פה, אך חוזה ערבות אינו חוזה רגיל לחלוטין ומשכך אין להסתפק ב"הרהורי הלב" של הנושה בלבד אלא בהצגת ראיות משכנעות. כאן, החבר של המלווה שלל מכל וכל שנטל על עצמו אחריות אישית כלשהי להחזר ההלוואה או כי הסכים לשמש כערב, שכן בפועל שימש רק כגורם מקשר בין המלווה ללווה. העובדה שהמלווה לא פעל ולא נקט כל הליך כנגד חברו במשך שנים רבות, אף שלשיטתו ראה בו כחייב מכוח ערבותו האישית, עומדת לו לרועץ. כמו כן, המלווה הוא זה שנמנע מעריכת הסכם בכתב ולכן, ככל שמתעורר ספק באשר להסכמת חברו לשמש כערב, הוא ספק הפועל לחובת המלווה ולכן תביעתו נדחתה.

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