עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

חוזה למראית עין בטל ומקים זכות להשבה אך צד ג' תם לב שהוטעה לא יפגע מכך

04 נובמבר 2018

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפטי 270 21.11.2018

בין עובד למעסיק נחתמה עסקה פיקטיבית, לפיה העובד כאילו מכר את הדירה למעסיק במחיר נמוך יחסית, המעסיק ייקח משכנתא על הדירה ובכסף יכסה חובות משכנתא של העובד וביתרת המשכנתא יוכל להשתמש למטרותיו הוא, ולאחר מספר שנים ולאחר שהחזיר את מלוא כספי המשכנתא, יעביר את הדירה לעובד ללא תמורה, כשעד אז יוכל העובד לגור בדירה ללא תשלום דמי שכירות. הדירה נרשמה על שם המעסיק שמאוחר יותר הסתבך בחובות, נתן זכויות לצד ג' על הדירה ולאחר מכן ברח מהארץ.

בית המשפט קבע, שהזכויות בדירה שייכות לצד השלישי שרכש אותן בתום לב ובתמורה. חוזה למראית עין נועד להשגת תכלית סודית מסוימת שהצדדים, או אחד מהם, ביקשו להגשים, ואשר אינה משתקפת כלפי חוץ והוא חסר תוקף משפטי. כאן העובד לא באמת רצה למכור את דירתו למעסיק אלא דובר על פיקציה מתואמת על מנת שהמעסיק יוכל לקחת משכנתא משלו ולכן הזכויות בדירה נותרו בידי העובד. עם זאת, מכיוון שצד ג' רכש את הדירה בתמורה ותוך הסתמכות על הרישום במרשם המקרקעין, הצד השלישי זכאי לזכויות בדירה.

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