עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

מוביל ימי וכלי שיט פטורים מאחריות לטובין אם לא הוגשה נגדם תביעה בתוך שנה

12 מאי 2019

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפטי 283 22.05.2019

סוחר ייבא לישראל מטען תירס מאוקראינה באמצעות אנייה וביטח את המטען בפוליסת ביטוח ימית. המטען נפגע מדלקה שפרצה באנייה וחברת הביטוח שילמה חלק מהנזק לסוחר ותבעה סכום זה מהאניה. הסוחר תבע אף הוא את האניה אך עשה זאת בטעות אמצעות חברת אחות ולכן, לאחר מעל שנה מקרות האירוע, שינה את התביעה כך שהתובעת תהיה החברה הנכונה.
בית המשפט העליון הורה למחוק את התביעה בשל כללי האג-ויסבי הפוטרים מאחריות לטובין הן את המוביל הימי והן את וכלי השיט אלא אם הוגשה תביעה בתוך שנה. אמנת האג משנת 1924 תוקנה בפרוטוקול בריסל משנת 1968 (פרוטוקול ויסבי) שהוביל לקבלת כללים המכונים כללי האג-ויסבי (The Hague–Visby Rules). הדין הישראלי אימץ את הכללים האמורים. בהתאם לכללים יהיו המוביל וכלי השיט פטורים, בכל מקרה, מאחריות כלשהי לגבי הטובין, אלא אם כן הוגשה תביעה לבית משפט תוך שנה אחת ממועד מסירת הטובין או מן המועד אשר בו אמורים היו להימסר, והכל אלא אם הוסכם אחרת בין הצדדים לאחר שנוצרה עילת התביעה. המדובר בפטור ולא מחסום דיוני ואין די בהגשת תביעה על ידי חברת הביטוח או על ידי צד שלישי.

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