עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

ניסוח תניית שיפוט זר בחוזה שלא בלשון ברורה וחד משמעית יוביל לבטלותה

10 אוקטובר 2024

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפטי 426 13.11.2024

חברה ישראלית שבוטחה אצל חברת ביטוח זרה הגישה בישראל תביעה כנגד המבטחת בגין הפרת חוזה הביטוח וזאת על אף קיומה של תניית שיפוט זר בפוליסת הביטוח.

בית המשפט דחה את עמדת המבטחת וקבע כי החלת תניית השיפוט הזר מחייבת הליך פרשני ומשכך בטלה. המבקש לשלול מן הצד השני את זכות ההתדיינות בפורום מוסמך, מן הנכון שיבטא זאת מפורשות וברורות בנוסחו של החוזה. בניגוד לתניות אחרות בחוזה, שלגביהן, אף אם מדובר ב'חוזה סגור', שנערך בין שני צדדים עסקיים, אין כל מניעה מלבצע הליך פרשני בתוך גבולות הלשון, בכדי לעמוד על כוונת הצדדים בתניית שיפוט זר - ככל שיוברר כי הלשון אינה ברורה וחד-משמעית, יביא הדבר באופן מיידי ל'מותה' של התנייה, וזאת גם אם ניתן היה באמצעות הליך פרשני-לשוני, מבלי להיזדקק לנסיבות חיצוניות, להגיע למסקנה כי אכן נקבעה תנייה שכזו. כאן, נקבע בפוליסה כי במחלוקות באשר לפרשנות תנאי הפוליסה מקום השיפוט יהיה בגרמניה, אך היות ולא הוסכם כי כל מחלוקת היא מחלוקת בדבר פרשנות תנאי הפוליסה הרי שנוסח תניית השיפוט אינו חד משמעי ומצריך הליך פרשני לקביעת טיב המחלוקת ומשכך תניית השיפוט הזר - בטלה.

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