עדכוני חקיקה ופסיקה

זניחת התחייבות לפעול לשינוי המצב התכנוני של המקרקעין עשויה להיחשב הפרת חוזה

06 מאי 2019

הדפסה

פורסם ב אפיק משפטי 283 22.05.2019

בעלת קרקע שיועדה למלונאות מכרה חלק מהזכויות בקרקע כשבחוזה נרשם שהיא מתחייבת לפעול לשינוי המצב התכנוני של הקרקע לשם הקמת דירות נופש והחוזה הותנה באישור שינוי זה. שינוי הייעוד לא אושרה וההסכם לא נכנס לכן לתוקף אך הרוכשת טענה שבעלת הקרקע לא קידמה את אישור התכנית ובכך הפרה את ההסכם.
בית המשפט העליון קבע, כי בעלת הקרקע הפרה את ההסכם. חיוב לבצע שינוי תוכנית הוא "חיוב השתדלות". הפרה של חיוב השתדלות היא מצב שבו צד לחוזה ניסה להשיג את התוצאה המצופה ולא הצליח בשל חוסר מיומנות, אי-זהירות או התרשלות. כשמדובר ב"חיוב השתדלות" יש להבחין בין אחריות ברמה גבוהה כדוגמת התחייבות "לנקוט בכל הצעדים הנדרשים" לבין התחייבות "לפעול באופן סביר". כאן בעלת הקרקע התחייבה לנקוט על חשבונה בכל הצעדים הנדרשים לצורך שינוי התכנית, אך זנחה במכוון את המהלך בשל עמדת ועדת התיירות תוך שהיא ממהרת לאמץ עמדה זו מבלי שנעשה ניסיון אמיתי להתנגד לכך ומבלי שעדכנה בכך את הצד השני על כך, והכל בשל אינטרסים כלכליים. מסיבה זו יש לראות בבעלת הקרקע כמי שסיכלה את התנאי המתלה ובכך הפרה את ההסכם.

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